Allergic gastroenteropathy in preterm infants

Objectives: To deter-mine the clinical presentation, histopathologic featur es, and outcome of biopsy-proven allergic gastroenteropathy (AGE) in preter m infants. We hypothesized that AGE is a more frequent cause of gastrointes tinal disease in this population than previously suspected. Study design: The retrospective portion of the study, from 1992 to 1997, in cluded preterm infants <37 weeks gestation who underwent biopsy because of suspected AGE. The prospective portion, from January to December 1998, incl uded 20 infants undergoing endoscopy and biopsy because of suspected AGE. Results: Twenty-five infants (12 retrospective/13 prospective) with mean ge stational age of 29 weeks at birth and mean postnatal age at diagnosis of 7 8 days were diagnosed with AGE. Three clinical patterns of presentation wer e noted: group 1, gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 5); group 2, nonspec ific feeding intolerance (n = 8); and group 3, lower gastrointestinal bleed ing (n = 12). Ten patients had negative biopsy findings (3 retrospective/7 prospective) and had clinical features indistinguishable from those of grou ps 1 and 2. Patients in group 3 were most likely to have positive biopsy fi ndings (12 of 12). Fifteen patients responded to a casein hydrolysate formu la, and 10 patients required an amino acid-based formula. Patients with AGE who had eosinophilic infiltration and villous atrophy took longer to recov er than those with eosinophilic infiltration alone (P < .03). Subsequently, most have tolerated formula challenges and are currently tolerating cow's milk. Conclusions: AGE may be an under-recognized cause of gastrointestinal sympt oms in preterm infants. Confirmation with endoscopy and biopsy can be done safely and provides the basis for appropriate dietary management.