Relative surface area of the EQCM quartz crystals vibrators

The relative surface area, R-sa, i.e., the ratio of the surface area in a t hree-dimensional space to that in a two-dimensional space: of quartz crysta l vibrators, used for an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) , was determined by atomic force microscopy in air, by coulometry in soluti on, and derived from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherms for xenon adsorpt ion. The resulting R-sa values were mutually consistent and were higher the better was the resolution of imaging. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society . S0013-4651(99)06-073-5. All rights reserved.