Infrared observations of starburst galaxies provide fundamental information
on their stellar content and interstellar medium also in the innermost cen
tral regions. Many interesting absorption features due to the red stellar p
opulations and nebular emission lines are present in their spectra. By comp
aring observations and theoretical predictions based on evolutionary synthe
sis models, a few crucial features as potential tracers of the galaxy evolu
tion will be analyzed, highlighting the major results and caveats. (C) 2000
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