Study of plasma fluctuations in the Tuman-3M tokamak using microwave reflectometry with an obliquely incident probing beam

Plasma fluctuations in the Tuman-3M tokamak are studied experimentally by a nalyzing backscattered radiation for different angles of incidence of the p robing beam from the normal to the cut-off surface. The poloidal rotation v elocity of the plasma fluctuations is determined from the Doppler shift of the reflected radiation spectrum measured on the edge of the tokamak during the transition to the H-mode. it is shown that, before the transition to t he H-mode, the rotation velocity can be estimated quantitatively from the s pectral shift or from the rate at which the phase of the reflected signal g rows. The experimental data obtained during the transition to the H-mode pr ovide evidence for the onset of a sheared poloidal flow. The shear makes it difficult to correctly estimate the poloidal rotation velocity in the impr oved confinement regime. The main mechanisms responsible for the broadening of the backscattered radiation spectra are considered. The turbulent diffu sion coefficients determined under the assumption that the spectral broaden ing is diffusive in character are found to be close to those determined fro m the charged-particle balance. (C) 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".