Unethical ethics? Reflections on intercultural research practices

The notion that there is a universal ethics is commonly supposed but less o ften explicitly discussed in protocols for Ethical procedures in research. In this article, the authors reflect on their action-research with women fa rmers in a Bolivian highland province. Their project aims to propose ways i n which local health services could better serve these women's expressed se xual and reproductive health needs. A series of field experiences led the a uthors to question the adequacy of pre-established institutional protocols for informed consent. Cultural understandings in this context made for situ ations where supposedly ethical procedures led to unethical effects. While recognising the value of precautionary measures to avoid abuse of research subjects, the authors challenge the assumption of subjects' essential vulne rability in fieldwork relations. They found that they too, as researchers a nd outsiders to the community, could be assigned less than adult status by research subjects seeking empowerment in their own terms. The paper conclud es that consent protocols, rather than relying on standardised procedures, should provide flexible alternatives to facilitate negotiation with subject s about whether and how they will participate at different stages of a rese arch project.