A. Depaola et al., Environmental investigations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters after outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York (1997 and 1998), APPL ENVIR, 66(11), 2000, pp. 4649-4654
Total Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities and the occurrence of pathogenic st
rains in shellfish were determined following outbreaks in Washington, Texas
, and New York Recently developed nonradioactive DNA probes were utilized f
or the first time for direct enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus in environm
ental shellfish samples, V. parahaemolyticus was prevalent in oysters from
Puget Sound, Wash.; Galveston Bay, Tex,; and Long Island Sound, N.Y., in th
e weeks following shellfish-associated outbreaks linked to these areas. How
ever, only two samples (one each from Washington and Texas) were found to h
arbor total V. parahaemolyticus densities exceeding the level of concern of
10,000 g(-1). Pathogenic strains, defined as those hybridizing with tdh an
d/or trh probes, were detected in a few samples, mostly Puget Sound oysters
, and at low densities (usually <10 g(-1)). Intensive sampling in Galveston
Bay demonstrated relatively constant water temperature (27.8 to 31.7<degre
es>C) and V. parahaemolyticus levels (100 to 1,000 g(-1)) during the summer
, Salinity varied from 14.9 to 29.3 ppt, A slight but significant (P < 0.05
) negative correlation (-0.25) was observed between V. parahaemolyticus den
sity and salinity. Based on our data, findings of more than 10,000 g-l tota
l V. parahaemolyticus or >10 g(-1) tdh- and/or trh-positive V: parahaemolyt
icus in environmental oysters should be considered extraordinary.