Outcome indicators for stroke: Application of an algorithm treatment across the continuum of postacute rehabilitation services

Objective: To determine the feasibility and utility of applying a case-mix adjusted algorithm for treatment across the continuum of stroke rehabilitat ion. Design: Implementation of a clinical algorithm developed through national e xpert panels to standardize rehabilitation assessment and treatment of vete rans with stroke. Stroke patients were stratified into initial severity gro ups using FIM(TM) instrument-Function Related Groups (FIM-FRG) classificati ons and were followed up from first rehabilitation referral to completion o f all active restorative functional goals. FIM-FRG assignments were used to establish case-mix adjusted outcome indicators for the continuum of rehabi litation services. Setting: Rehabilitation services in medical and surgical units, intermediat e care units, inpatient rehabilitation bed units, and outpatient settings i n 10 participating Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. Patients: Stroke patients (n = 421) who received rehabilitation in the 10 p articipating VA centers. Main Outcome Measures: Patients' functional gains, length of treatment (LOT ), functional status at discharge, LOT efficiency, costs, cost efficiency, and disposition location. Results: Two hundred twenty-three patients began rehabilitation while in ac ute medical or surgical units, 171 in inpatient rehabilitation units, 24 in intermediate care, and the remainder while in other settings. With cases c ompiled across all settings, average total rehabilitation costs for patient s in the lowest FRG class (most severe disabilities) were more than twice t hose for patients assigned to the highest FRG class (least severe disabilit ies). FIM gains were greatest in the subset of younger stroke patients with the most severe disabilities. Conclusions: Implementing a standard algorithm of rehabilitation care that includes outcome indicators adjusted to patients' disability severity is fe asible. The algorithm's utility is evident because it encompasses rehabilit ation care provided across the full continuum, promotes access to care by a dvocating assessment of all stroke patients, encourages early initiation of treatment, and promotes a smooth transition though various levels of care while encouraging cost containment.