Many recent attempts to calculate black hole entropy from first principles
rely on conformal field theory techniques. By examining the logarithmic cor
rections to the Cardy formula, I compute the first-order quantum correction
to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in several models, including those based
on asymptotic symmetries, horizon symmetries and certain string theories.
Despite very different physical assumptions, these models all give a correc
tion proportional to the logarithm of the horizon size, and agree qualitati
vely with recent results from 'quantum geometry' in 3 + 1 dimensions. There
are some indications that even the coefficient of the correction may be un
iversal, up to differences that depend on the treatment of angular momentum
and conserved charges.