Development of mobile vector-method for genetic transformation of animals

Experimental data on transgenic animal production using transfected sperm a re reviewed. Pathways for further improvement of the method for increasing the frequency of transgenic organisms are proposed: modification of the sac charophosphate skeleton and DNA ends; use of nucleic exchange enzymes and d irected oligonucleotides; use of adhesive sequences (MAR elements), ori rep lication, and transposable elements within the transgenes; development of t he embryos selection; the use of gene targeting elements; and the use of va rious DNA conformations. The promising use of spermatozoa as'a noninvasive system of gene delivery in transgenesis and prenatal gene therapy are outli ned.