MEDIAN NERVE COMPRESSION CAN BE DETECTED BY MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF THE CARPAL-TUNNEL

OBJECTIVE: Clinically symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome is not necess arily accompanied by impaired nerve conduction values. Surgical decomp ression, however, may immediately lead to complete and lasting relief of symptoms in these patients. Because minimally invasive techniques h ave reduced perioperative morbidity and vocational impairment related to operative decompression, the decision to decompress symptomatic pat ients (despite still unimpaired nerve conduction values) might be subj ect to discussion in the future. New diagnostic tools may be helpful i n deciding which therapeutical options to choose. When the wrist is he ld either in flexion or in extension, the carpal tunnel pressure incre ases. To investigate the dynamic changes of the carpal tunnel shape du ring wrist motion, as well as the variations of space for the median n erve and its signal intensity in T2-weighting, magnetic resonance imag ing (MRI) was performed on patients and healthy volunteers alike. Rest itution and the persistence of pathological findings were assessed pre - and postoperatively. METHODS: MRI (1.0 T) was performed on 20 wrists of patients with clinical symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) an d pathological nerve conduction values. Healthy volunteers (20 wrists) were matched according to sex and age. MRI was performed in neutral, 45-degree extension, and 45-degree wrist flexion positions. T2-weighte d signal intensity of the median nerve was measured in 18 patients pre - and postoperatively. RESULTS: The cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel in patients with CTS tends to be smaller than that found in no nsymptomatic volunteers. The cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel decreases during wrist flexion at the pisiform and hamate level. Duri ng wrist extension, the cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel decr eases at the level of the pisiform. During extension, it increases at the level of the hamate. The cross-sectional area of the median nerve showed an increase at the pisiform level (P < 0.05), a flattening of t he median nerve at the hamate hook level (P < 0.05), and palmar deviat ion of the flexor retinaculum at the pisiform and hamate hook level (P < 0.001). This was significantly greater in CTS patients than in indi viduals with normal wrists. Postoperatively, the distal flattening of the median nerve recovered in 94% of the cases reviewed. Although the signal intensity of the median nerve on T2-weighted images decreased b y 67%, the motor latency recovered in only 39% of the cases. CONCLUSIO N: The carpal tunnel was smaller in CTS patients than in healthy volun teers. During flexion and extension, the space available for the media n nerve narrows. This may lead to potential median nerve compression. MRI is accurate and reliable for diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of carpal tunnel syndrome. In cases with obvious clinical symptoms an d yet not measurably impaired median nerve conduction values, it may b e helpful in making a decision for surgical decompression.