Norman Bethune and Edward Archibald: Sung and unsung heroes

Edward Archibald was a pioneer, master thoracic surgeon. He laid the founda tion for surgical research in Canada and made fundamental contributions to the training and certification of surgeons. He did it all without raising h is voice and within the confines of organized medicine. He became an unsung hero. Norman Bethune, with a flair for publicity, used extraordinary measu res and delivered them heroically with talent and total dedication, ignorin g conventional approaches. He became a truly sung hero. (Ann Thorac Surg 20 00;70:1746-52) (C) 2000 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.