Sensations and trigeminal somatosensory-evoked potentials elicited by electrical stimulation of endosseous oral implants in humans

The perception of bipolar electrical stimuli through implants was studied. The stimuli were delivered to permucosal oral endosseous implants in 15 ind ividuals, who then reported tapping to beating sensations. In 10 out of the 15, these stimuli evoked clearly distinguishable potentials in the average d electroencephalograms. The most prominent scalp potential was a positive wave with a latency between 18 and 25 ms, often preceded by a negative wave with a latency around 12-17 ms. In contrast, when a motor response was eli cited by stimulation of the lip, a shorter latency wave around 8-11 ms was found additionally, indicating that the former-mentioned waves represent a true sensory response and not an artefact of myogenous origin. Furthermore, topical anaesthesia of the gingiva surrounding the implants in six individ uals had little effect on the sensory responses. This evidence excluded per i-implant mucosal innervation as the origin of the perception and of the so matosensory-evoked waves elicited by the electrical stimulation of the oral implants. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time a sensation (os seoperception) has been elicited by electrical stimulation of endosseous or al implants and correlated with simultaneously recorded trigeminal somatose nsory-evoked potentials (TSEPs). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.