Two G protein-coupled receptors have been identified that bind corticotropi
n-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin (UCN) with high affinity. Hybridizat
ion histochemical methods were used to shed light on controversies concerni
ng their localization in rat brain, and to provide normative distributional
data in mouse, the standard model for genetic manipulation in mammals. The
distribution of CRF-R1 mRNA in mouse was found to be fundamentally similar
to that in rat, with expression predominating in the cerebral cortex, sens
ory relay nuclei, and in the cerebellum and its major afferents. Pronounced
species differences in distribution were few, although more subtle variati
ons in the relative strength of R1 expression were seen in several forebrai
n regions. CRF-RB mRNA displayed comparable expression in rat and mouse bra
in, distinct from, and more restricted than that of CRF-R1. Major neuronal
sites of CRF-RB expression included aspects of the olfactory bulb, lateral
septal nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, ventromedial hypothala
mic nucleus, medial and posterior cortical nuclei of the amygdala, ventral
hippocampus, mesencephalic raphe nuclei, and novel localizations in the nuc
leus of the solitary tract and area postrema. Several sites of expression i
n the limbic forebrain were found to overlap partially with ones of androge
n receptor expression. In pituitary, rat and mouse displayed CRF-R1 mRNA si
gnal continuously over the intermediate lobe and over a subset of cells in
the anterior lobe, whereas CRF-RB transcripts were expressed mainly in the
posterior lobe. The distinctive expression pattern of CRF-RB mRNA identifie
s additional putative central sites of action for CRF and/or UCN, Constitut
ive expression of CRF-RS mRNA in the nucleus of the solitary tract, and str
ess-inducible expression of CRF-R1 transcripts in the paraventricular nucle
us may provide a basis for understanding documented effects of CRF-related
peptides at a loci shown previously to lack a capacity for CRF-R expression
or CRF binding. Other such "mismatches" remain to be reconciled. (C) 2000
Wiley-Liss, Inc.