Use of digital surface model for hardwood rangeland monitoring

We built digital surface models (DSM) that contain 3D surface morphological information of the entire landscape using digital photogrammetry and aeria l photographs, Changes in landscape components such as crown closure and tr ee height in hardwood rangeland were estimated using DSM. In comparison wit h manual interpretation results, errors of crown closure and tree hieght es timation using DSM were less than 0.7% and 1.5 m, respectively. This techni que can be used for rangeland management, monitoring and ecological studies .