High levels of plasma brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin-6 after optimized treatment for heart failure are independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate whether repetitive measure ments of plasma levels of neurohumoral factors and cytokines before and aft er additional treatment are useful for predicting mortality in patients wit h congestive heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND Neurohumoral and immune activation play an important role in the pathophysiology of CHF. However, the effects of serial changes in these fa ctors on the prognostic value remain unknown. METHODS We measured plasma levels of neurohumoral factors and cytokines and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and three months after op timized treatment for CHF in 102 consecutive patients with severe CHF (New York Heart Association class III to IV) on admission to our hospital. Physi cians who were blind to the plasma neurohumoral factors until study complet ion treated patients using standard drugs. Patients were monitored for a me an follow-up period of 807 days. RESULTS Plasma levels of neurohumoral factors, cytokines and LVEF were sign ificantly improved three months after optimized treatment. Cardiac death oc curred in 26 patients. Among 19 variables including LVEF, only a high level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and interleukin-h (IL-6) at three month s after optimized treatment showed significant independent relationships by Cox proportional hazard analysis with a high mortality for patients with C HF. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that high plasma BNP and IL-6 levels th ree months after optimized treatment are independent risk factors for morta lity in patients with CHF, suggesting that sustained high plasma levels of BNP and IL-6 after additional standard treatment were independent risk fact ors for mortality in patients with CHF despite improvements in LVEF and sym ptoms. (C) 2000 by die American College of Cardiology.