The previously published atmospheric neutrino data did not distinguish whet
her muon neutrinos were oscillating into tau neutrinos or sterile neutrinos
, as both hypotheses fit the data. Using data recorded in 1100 live days of
the Super-Kamiokande detector, we use three complementary data samples to
study the difference in zenith angle distribution due to neutral currents a
nd matter effects. We find no evidence favoring sterile neutrinos, and reje
ct the hypothesis at the 99% confidence level. On the other hand, we find t
hat oscillation between muon and tan neutrinos suffices to explain all the
results in hand.