Refinements in transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap breast reconstruction: Projection and contour improvements

A surgical procedure with the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRA M) flap for breast reconstruction is presented using parameters from the op posite normal breast to achieve a better cone shape in the new breast to pr oject the nipple-areola complex. This cone projection is obtained through a vertical plication of both skin/fat halves of the TRAM flap and with two s upraumbilical fat flaps to avoid cone collapse. The infraclavicular and axi llary regions are filled with a de-epithelialized "fish-fin" cutaneous-fat or fat-only flap, which is placed as a lateral TRAM extension. The de-epith elialized lateral extremity of the TRAM flap folded over itself gives a mou nd shape to the lateral aspect of the new breast, and the inverted umbilica l stalk attached to the TRAM flap imitates a nipple. This procedure is base d on six breast reconstructions with a 2-year follow-up. The procedure is a simple, safe, and versatile way to mimic the opposite breast. It is mostly indicated for thin patients who have small to moderate breasts without pto sis or hypertrophy who refuse breast implants or request a mastopexy or red uction mammaplasty on the opposite normal breast during the same procedure.