Dimerization and N-terminal domain proximity underlie the function of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90

Heat shock protein (hsp)90 functions in a complex chaperoning pathway where its activity is modulated by ATP and by interaction with several co-chaper ones. One co-chaperone, p23, binds selectively to the ATP-bound state of hs p90. However, the isolated ATP-binding domain of hsp90 does not bind p23. I n an effort to identify the p23-binding domain, we have constructed a serie s of hsp90 deletion mutants fused with glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Ful l-length GST-hsp90 is able to bind p23, and also, to chaperone assembly of progesterone receptor complexes. Truncations from the C terminus of GST-hsp 90 reveal a C-terminal boundary for the p23-binding domain at approximately residue 490. This fragment contains, in order, the ATP-binding domain, a h ighly charged region, and 203 residues beyond the charged region. p23 bindi ng is unaffected by deletion of the charged region, indicating that two non contiguous regions of hsp90 are involved in p23 binding. These regions are only effective when hsp90 is in a dimeric state as shown by loss of p23 bin ding upon removal of GST or as shown by use of FK506-binding protein12-hsp9 0 constructs that form dimers and bind p23 only in the presence of a bivale nt drug. Thus, p23 binding requires an hsp90 dimer with close proximity bet ween N-terminal regions of hsp90 and a conformation specified by ATP.