In a recent article, Leventhal (1999) responds to two criticisms of hypothe
sis testing by showing that the one-tailed test and the directional two-tai
led test are Valid. even if all point null hypotheses are false and that hy
pothesis tests can provide the probability of decisions being correct which
are based on the tests. Unfortunately, the falseness of all point null hyp
otheses affects the operating characteristics of the directional two-tailed
test, seeming to weaken certain of Leventhal's arguments in favor of this
procedure.