Callus of cacao [Theobroma cacao (L.)] were transformed by particle bombard
ment (Biolistics(R)). Four-week-old floral-derived calli were bombarded wit
h plasmid containing the beta -glucuronidase (gus) gene, driven by a CaMV 3
5S promoter. Histochemical analysis of gus gene expression was used to opti
mize the parameters for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) delivery. More than 270
histochemically positive (blue staining) transformation events were observ
ed with staminode-derived calli bombarded at 1550 psi.