Quality of groundwater used for poultry production in the Western Cape

Water samples were collected from 35 boreholes at poultry producers in the Western Cape and were analysed for 43 mineral and trace element constituent inclusion levels. Bicarbonates, chlorides, fluoride, nitrates, phosphates, sodium, cadmium, i ron, lanthanum, lead, manganese, mercury, titanium and zirconium were ident ified as potentially hazardous constituents (PHC) in some areas and bicarbo nates, chloride, sodium lanthanum, lead, mercury and zirconium were identif ied as constituents of concern (COC) in some area.