The effect of treatment of schistosomiasis on blood plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration in coinfected individuals

Objective: To determine whether drug treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni i nfection leads to a reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration in coinfect ed individuals. Methods: Stool and plasma samples were obtained prospectively from a cohort of HIV-infected persons (n = 30) in Kisumu, Kenya, before and after treatm ent of schistosomiasis with praziquantel (mean follow-up, 5.6 months; range 1-15 months). Schistosomal circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) concentratio ns in plasma were determined by ELISA and fecal egg counts were determined by microscopy. HIV-1 RNA concentrations were measured in pre- and post-trea tment plasma samples obtained from the patients whose stool samples remaine d free of schistosomal eggs for the great majority of the follow-up period. Results: Comparison of pretreatment and follow-up samples revealed that mea n +/- SD fecal egg burden was reduced by 96.7% (481.5 +/- 803.5 versus 16.1 +/- 24.4 eggs/g feces) and mean plasma CCA concentration decreased by 90.1 % (3.22 +/- 3.26 versus 0.32 +/- 0.38 mug/ml). In contrast, mean plasma HIV -1 load increased from 3.60 +/- 0.90 to 3.93 +/- 0.95 log(10) RNA copies/ml (P < 0.001). Although no correlation was found between changes in HIV-1 lo ad and changes in schistosomal burden, there was a significant correlation between changes in plasma HIV load and the time interval between pretreatme nt and follow-up samples (r = 0.41; P = 0.027). Conclusions: Treatment of schistosomiasis was not associated with a reducti on in plasma HIV-1 load. This study does not, however, exclude the possibil ity of an adverse effect of helminthic infections on HIV-1 pathogenesis. (C ) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.