Effects of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide on axonal transport in isolated and cultured adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons

Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from primar y sensory neurons are known to play important roles in nociception and noci ceptive transmission. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the rol es of these neuropeptides in the regulation of axonal transport in sensory neurons. Cells were isolated from adult mouse dorsal root ganglia and cultu red in F-12 medium containing fetal bovine serum for 48 h until their neuri tes were grown. These isolated and cultured DRG cells were mostly (>98%) sm all (diameter <25 <mu>m) and medium (diameter, 25-40 mum) in size, and were immunoreactive for substance P and CGRP (85.9 and 66.0% of total cells, re spectively). Video-enhanced microscopy was applied to observe particles tra nsported within neurites. Application of substance P (100 nM) decreased the number of particles transported in both anterograde and retrograde directi ons in each of DRG neurons tested (n=5). The instantaneous velocities of in dividual particles transported in anterograde and retrograde directions wer e also reduced by substance P. In contrast, alpha -CGRP (100 nM) increased the number of particles transported in both directions in each of DRG neuro ns tested (n=5), and also increased the instantaneous velocities of particl es transported bidirectionally. Application of beta -CGRP (100-1000 nM) did not elicit any effect on axonal transport. Therefore, axonal transport in sensory neurons seems to be modulated by substance P and alpha -CGRP, both of which can be derived from its own and adjacent sensory neurons. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.