Glassy state transition and rice drying: Development of a brown rice statediagram

The effect of moisture content (MC) on the glass transition temperature (T- g) of individual brown rice kernels of Bengal, a medium-grain cultivar, and Cypress, a long-grain cultivar, was studied. Three methods were investigat ed for measuring T-g: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechan ical analysis (TMA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Among these met hods, TMA was chosen, because it can also measure changes in the thermal vo lumetric coefficient (beta) of the kernel during glass transition. TMA-meas ured T-g at similar MC levels for both cultivars were not significantly dif ferent and were combined to generate a brown rice state diagram. Individual kernel T-g for both cultivars increased from 22 to 58 degreesC as MC decre ased from 27 to 3% wb. Linear and sigmoid models were derived to relate T-g to MC. The linear model was sufficient to describe the property changes in the MC range encountered during rice drying. Mean beta values across both cultivars in the rubbery state was 4.62 x 10(-4)/degreesC and was higher th an the mean beta value of 0.87 x 10(-4)/degreesC in the glassy state. A hyp othetical rice drying process was mapped onto the combined state diagram ge nerated for Bengal and Cypress.