Convergent validity of the short-EMBU and the parental bonding instrument (PBI): Dutch findings

Using a large sample of Spanish students (N = 796), Livianos-Aldana and Roj o-Moreno (1999) found poor evidence of convergent validity of the homologou s dimensions that underlie the EMBU and the Parental Bonding Instrument. Th e Spanish findings however are neither in line with previous ones that were based on data collected in the Netherlands and Belgium in three independen t, community and psychiatric patient samples, nor are they in line with new Dutch findings reported in the present study, that were obtained in a comm unity sample (N = 236) when relating the PBI (by applying Kendler's three-d imensional model) to the equivalent, short (23-item) version of the origina l 81-item EMBU. Specifically, it was found that (1) homologous measures had sufficient variance in common so as to provide evidence of convergent vali dity (disattenuated us ranged from 0.73 to 0.88); (2) EMBU Rejection, PBI P rotectiveness and PBI Authoritarianism were significantly positively interc orrelated; (3) higher-order analysis with oblique rotation) revealed two si gnificantly, negatively intercorrelated second-order factors, namely Protec tion-Control and Warmth (Emotional warmth versus Hostility). These reduced further to a bipolar Control (attempts) versus Warmth superfactor at an eve n higher level. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.