Things that talk: Using sound for device-to-device and device-to-human communication

Nonlexical sound is explored as both a device-to-device and device-to-human communication medium. Considerations for device-to-device communication in clude robustness in various environments, potential interference, frequency limitations of conventional and piezoelectric devices, computational compl exity, and strategies for ultrasonic and human-audible frequencies. Algorit hms include modem protocols, information-hiding techniques, impulse coding, and dual-tone modulation. Considerations for device-to-human communication include the use of sounds that are unobtrusive in public settings and soun ds that enable attention to be divided between the performance of complex t asks and real-time feedback.