T. Watanabe et al., Scale expansion of transparent photonic transport network based on distributed Raman amplification, IEEE PHOTON, 12(10), 2000, pp. 1420-1422
We examine the impact of distributed Raman amplification (DRA) on the casca
dability of transparent photonic transport system nodes and reveal its adva
ntage in terms of amplified spontaneous emission noise. A 10 Gb/s x 16 chan
nel recirculating loop experiment with DRA demonstrates that a transparent
network over 640 km (8 nodes) can be constructed even for a relatively larg
e node loss of 20 dB.