Jr. Trujillo et al., T-tropic sequence of the V3 loop is critical for HIV-1 infection of CXCR4-positive colonic HT-29 epithelial cells, J ACQ IMM D, 25(1), 2000, pp. 1-10
Some colonic and neuronal cells which are CD4(-) but galactosyl ceramide-po
sitive are susceptible to infection with HIV-1. We have previously shown th
at the T-cell tropic V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 serves as a primary viral deter
minant for infectivity of CD4- neuronal cells. However, the nature of the V
3 loop of HIV-1 needed for infection and the V3 loop's interaction with cor
eceptors on colonic epithelial cells have not been fully analyzed. By using
HIV-1 molecular clones, we show that the T-cell tropic V3 domain is critic
al for HIV-1 infection of colonic HT-29 epithelial cells. Because T-cell tr
opic HIV-1 can use CXCR4 as a coreceptor in T cells, we set out to determin
e the role of CXCR4 during infection of HT-29 cells. Using reverse transcri
ptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining, we show that t
hese epithelial cells of colonic origin express the chemokine receptor CXCR
4. Importantly, antibody against CXCR4 or a neutralizing antibody against H
IV-1 gp120 V3 loop blocks T-cell tropic HIV-1 entry into MT-29 cells. These
data indicate that the V3 loop of HIV-1 and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 a
re both critical for HIV-1 infection of colonic MT-29 epithelial cells. An
HIV-1 T-tropic virus may be responsible for the infection of human colonic
epithelial cells in vivo.