Work and family in the 1990s

This review highlights four themes emerging from the work and family litera ture of the 1990s. The first theme evolves from the historical legacy of th e maternal employment literature with its focus on children's well-being. T he second theme, work socialization, is based on the premise that occupatio nal conditions, such as autonomy and complexity, shape the values of worker s who in rum generalize these lessons off the job. Research on work stress, the third theme, explores how experiences of short- and long-term stress a t work make their mark on workers' behavior and well-being off the job. Fin ally, the multiple roles literature focuses on how individuals balance role s, such as parent, spouse, and worker, and the consequences for health and family relationships. in addition to these four major themes, advances in w ork and family policy initiatives over the past decade are discussed. Sugge stions for future research focus on addressing issues of causality, attendi ng to the policy, and developing interdisciplinary theories and research de signs.