In the mix, yet on the margins: The place of families in urban neighborhood and child development research

In the 1990s, the most popular theoretical and empirical research issue con cerning the local ecologies of families focused on the impact of family str uctures (e.g., household composition) and processes (e.g., child management strategies) on the relationship between urban neighborhoods and child and adolescent development. In this article, we synthesize and critically exami ne the decade's prevailing literature on the topic, organizing this review into three areas: (a) the research designs of quantitative and ethnographic studies of urban neighborhoods, families, and child outcomes; (b) the conc eptual approaches used in these studies; and (c) the role of structural and behavioral features of family and parenting as factors that influence the relationship between urban neighborhoods and child development in ethnicall y and racially diverse populations. Results suggest that although family ha s been center stage in the neighborhood effects research question of the de cade, it has remained on the margins in terms of theoretical and methodolog ical specificity. Recommendations for future research are also offered.