Long-term exercise using weighted vests prevents hip bone loss in postmenopausal women

Background. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a primary risk factor for hip fra cture. We studied the effect of long-term weighted vest plus jumping exerci se on hip BMD in postmenopausal women as a strategy for reducing hip fractu re risk. Methods. Eighteen postmenopausal women (age = 64.1 +/- 1.6 years at baselin e, 69.9 +/- 1.6 years at post-testing) who had participated in a 9-month ex ercise intervention volunteered for the long-term trial. Nine of the origin al group engaged in weighted vest plus jumping exercise three times per wee k for 32 weeks of the year over a period of 5 years. Nine of the original c ontrols were active but not enrolled in the exercise program. BMD of the pr oximal femur was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline a nd after 5 years. Results. At baseline, groups were similar for age, weight, height, years pa st menopause, and BMD of the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip. At fo llow-up, differences in BMD at all regions of the hip were higher in exerci sers than controls. For exercisers, changes in BMD were + 1.54% +/- 2.37%, -0.24% +/- 1.02%, and -0.82% +/- 1.04% (means + SE) at the femoral neck, tr ochanter, and total hip, respectively; controls decreased at all sites (-4. 43% + 0.93%, -3.43% +/- 1.09%, and -3.80% +/- 1.03%, respectively). Conclusions. A 5-year program of weighted vest plus jumping exercise mainta ins hip BMD by preventing significant bone loss in older postmenopausal wom en. Furthermore, this particular program appears to promote long-term adher ence and compliance, as evidenced by the commitment of the exercisers for m ore than 5 years.