The authors explored the effect of age on executive functions by using 3 ta
sks (Tower of London, Hayling, and Brixton tests) designed to assess specif
ic executive processes (planning, inhibition, and abstraction of logical ru
les) that were also sensitive to frontal dysfunction. The performance of el
derly participants (n = 48) was significantly poorer than that of young par
ticipants (n = 47) in all 3 tasks. Processing speed, measured by means of a
color-naming task, explained some but not all of the age-related differenc
es. These results are discussed in terms of general and specific factors in
cognitive aging.