De. Weller et Jm. Perez, A study of the effect of chemical structure on friction and wear: Part I -Synthetic ester base fluids, LUBRIC ENG, 56(11), 2000, pp. 39-44
The proper formulation of lubricants starts with an understanding of the pe
rformance of the individual base stocks. Additives respond to various base
stocks differently depending on the chemistry of the base stock and can res
ult in either synergistic or antagonistic effects. This paper studies the e
ffect of structure for various ester base stocks using a four-ball wear tes
t machine to measure friction and wear. The authors evaluate several esters
based on differing chemical structures of the alcohol and acid moieties us
ed to synthesize the ester. The alcohols include neopentyl glycol (NPG), tr
imethylolpropane (TMP), and pentaerythritol (PE). Acids vary in length of t
he molecular chain and comparisons include both branched and linear molecul
es. The researchers blend various additives in the base stocks to study the
interaction with the base fluids. Wear tests occur in the boundary lubrica
tion regime with significant chemical structure differences observed.