Catalytically active iron and bacterial growth in serum of haemodialysis patients after i.v. iron-saccharate administration

Background. I,v. iron is commonly administered to haemodialysis patients su ffering from anaemia to improve their response to erythropoietin therapy. I t has been unclear whether routinely used doses of i.v. iron preparations c ould result in iron release into plasma in amounts exceeding the iron bindi ng capacity of transferrin. Here, we have studied the effect of 100 mg of i ron saccharate given as an i.v. injection on transferrin saturation and the appearance of potentially harmful catalytically active iron. Methods, We followed serum iron, transferrin and transferrin-saturation bef ore and 5-210 min after administration of iron saccharate in 12 patients on chronic haemodialysis due to end-stage renal disease. We measured catalyti cally active iron by the bleomycin-detectable iron (BDI) assay and transfer rin iron forms by urea gel electrophoresis, and studied iron-dependent grow th of Staphylococcus epidermidis inoculated into the serum samples in vitro . Results. The iron saccharate injection resulted in full transferrin saturat ion and appearance of BDI in the serum in seven out of the 12 patients. BDI appeared more often in patients with a low serum transferrin concentration , but it was not possible to identify patients at risk based on serum trans ferrin or ferritin level before i.v. iron. The average transferrin saturati on and BDI level increased until the end of the follow-up time of 3.5 h. Th e appearance of BDI resulted in loss of the ability of patient serum to res ist the growth of S. epidermidis, which was restored by adding iron-free ap otransferrin to the serum. Iron saccharate, added to serum in vitro, releas ed only little iron and promoted only slow bacterial growth, but caused fal sely high transferrin saturation by one routinely used serum iron assay. Conclusions. The results indicate that 100 mg of iron saccharate often lead s to transferrin oversaturation and the presence of catalytically active ir on within 3.5 h after i.v. injection. As catalytically active iron is poten tially toxic and may promote bacterial growth, it may be recommendable to u se dosage regimens for i.v. iron that would not cause transferrin oversatur ation.