Long-term outcome in patients with advanced hilar bile duct tumors undergoing palliative endoscopic or percutaneous drainage

Objective: Advanced tumors of the hepatic duct bifurcation (Klatskin tumors ) present problems to the endoscopist in deciding which procedure to use fo r palliative treatment of the resulting cholestasis - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drain age (PTBD), or both. There are technical difficulties with all forms of tre atment for stenoses in the hilar region and intrahepatic bile ducts. and th ere are as yet no clear data on which type of drainage is feasible or prefe rable. Subjects: 59 consecutive patients (30 men, 29 women; mean age 71 years) und erwent palliative treatment for malignant hilar bile duct tumors of Bismuth stages II-IV during a three-year period (1992-94). Method: A retrospective analysis was carried out, and long-term follow-up d ata were obtained from telephone. phone interviews with the patients, relat ives, or referring: physicians. Results: The 59 patients were treated using ERCP (n = 20) or PTBD (n = 39). Three died within 30 days, and six were lost to follow-up. Clinically adeq uate drainage was achieved in 78% (n = 46) of the total patient group. Pati ent survival was a median of six months (range 0.5-38), and was slightly lo nger when the primary drainage procedure was successful (7.5 months). Initi al complications occurred in 11% after ERCP and in 33% after PTBD, with a 3 0-day mortality of 5%. After the initial intervention, five patients who re ceived ERCP treatment had to be switched to PTBD during the longer-term cou rse. Three of these five patients died within 30 days of the PTBD insertion . Conclusions: Palliative treatment in patients with advanced Klatskin tumors is still suboptimal, even when combined endoscopic and percutaneous techni ques are used in the same institution, allowing treatment to be tailored to the individual patient's needs. There is therefore a need for improvements in existing forms of treatment, as well as for the development of new form s of treatment.