Angiogenesis assays: Problems and pitfalls

Many studies of angiogenesis inducers and inhibitors rely on in vitro or in vivo models as indicators of efficacy. However, as valuable as these model s are, there are limitations to each one of these. This overview describes some of the principal methods now in use and discusses the advantages and s ome of the limitations of these methods. It is suggested that multiple assa ys, involving both in vitro and in vivo assays, are at present the best way to minimize the problems inherent in any specific assay.