Kj. Hunt et al., Familial history of metabolic disorders and the Multiple Metabolic Syndrome: The NHLBI Family Heart Study, GENET EPID, 19(4), 2000, pp. 395-409
A case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between f
amily history of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes and the co-occurrence
of metabolic disorders associated with the multiple metabolic syndrome (MMS
). Included were 1,448 African and European American men and women aged 48-
71 who participated in both the third cohort examination of the Atheroscler
osis Risk in Communities study, 1992-1994, and phase I of the Family Heart
Study 1993-1995. The joint occurrence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and di
abetes or impaired fasting glucose in an individual determined his/her stat
us of "affected" (MMS: n = 97), while the absence of these three metabolic
disorders determined his/her status of "unaffected" (Control: n = 527). Fir
st-degree relatives provided the information to calculate family risk score
s (FRSs) for the phenotypes under study: obesity, diabetes and hypertension
. Although the majority of cases were obese (76.3%), family history of obes
ity was associated only weakly with the MMS, while family history of diabet
es, or hypertension was associated significantly with the MMS (controlling
for age, race, gender, and sampling group). Obesity of cases and controls m
odified the strength of these associations-odds ratios were 2.5 (95% CI:1.1
-6.1) and 2.9 (95% CI:1.2-7.0) for the diabetes and hypertension FRSs in th
e non-obese, while in obese individuals the respective odds ratios were 1.6
(95% CI:0.9-2.8) and 1.7 (95% CI:0.9-3.1). These results may imply that ob
esity, whether familial or environmental in nature, is associated with the
development of the MMS. while in non-obese individuals a family history of
diabetes, hypertension, or obesity is a marker of genetic predisposition to
components of the MMS. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss. Inc.