Human exposure to radio base-station antennas in urban environment

In this paper, the human exposure to the electromagnetic field radiated by a radio base-station antenna operating around 900 MHz in an urban environme nt has been analyzed. A hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain (F DTD) method has been used to evaluate the incident field and the power abso rbed in an exposed subject in the presence of reflecting walls, The base-st ation antenna has been characterized by means of its radiation pattern, eva luated with an FDTD analysis of a typical panel antenna, Three particular s ituations for a rooftop mounted antenna have been considered. In all the ex amined cases, the obtained results, in terms of incident held and absorbed power, are below the most recognized safety standard levels. The importance of an accurate modeling of the environment in which the exposure takes pla ce has been evidenced.