Penalty function method for combined finite-discrete element systems comprising large number of separate bodies

Large-scale discrete element simulations, the combined finite-discrete elem ent method, DDA as well as a whole range of related methods, involve contac t of a large number of separate bodies. In the context of the combined fini te-discrete element method, each of these bodies is represented by a single discrete element which is then discretized into finite elements. The combi ned finite-discrete element method thus also involves algorithms dealing wi th fracture and fragmentation of individual discrete elements which result in ever changing topology and size of the problem. All these require comple x algorithmic procedures and significant computational resources, especiall y in terms of CPU time. In this context, it is also necessary to have an ef ficient and robust algorithm for handling mechanical contact. In this work, a contact algorithm based on the penalty function method and incorporating contact kinematics preserving energy balance, is proposed and implemented into the combined finite element code. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons , Ltd.