Jl. Byo et Da. Sheldon, The effect of singing while listening on undergraduate music majors' ability to detect pitch and rhythm errors, J BAND RES, 36(1), 2000, pp. 26-46
The purpose of this study was to examine upper level undergraduate music ed
ucation majors' (N=41) ability to detect pitch and rhythm errors while sing
ing selected parts in one, two-, and three-part familiar excerpts. Two musi
c excerpts functioned as sources from which two stimulus tapes were develop
ed for use as error detection pre- and posttests. For each excerpt, nine mu
sic examples were devised, three one-part examples, three two-part examples
, and three 3-part examples. Music examples were edited to include a total
of 54 purposeful errors of pitch and rhythm.