Expression patterns of the multiple transcripts from the folylpolyglutamate synthetase gene in human leukemias and normal differentiated tissues

Folylpoly-gamma -glutamate synthetase (FPGS) catalyzes the activation of fo late antimetabolites in mammalian tissues and tumors. We have determined th e sequence, abundance, and function of human FPGS transcripts and found som e striking differences to transcription of the mouse gene that allow produc tion of FPGS isoforms in mouse liver and dividing tissues. Multiple human t ranscripts were identified, including the homolog of the mouse transcripts that initiate at two upstream exons. However, the human FPGS upstream promo ter is infrequently used, and transcripts from this promoter include sequen ces homologous with only one of the upstream exons found in the mouse, The downstream promoter generates an array of transcripts, some of which do not produce active enzyme, a phenomenon not seen in the mouse, Hence, the dual promoter mechanism directing expression of FPGS isozymes in mouse tissues is not conserved in humans, and, unlike the mouse downstream promoter, the human downstream promoter is active in both dividing and differentiated tis sues. This study raises questions about the differences in function served by the two mouse FPGS isozymes and how, or if, human tissues fulfill these functions. How humans and mice-produce FPGS in only a subset of tissues usi ng such different promoter structures also becomes a central issue.