Organizational learning, knowledge and wisdom

To improve our understanding of the impact of organizational learning and k nowledge on competitive advantage, we propose a framework that includes the constructs of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. Each of these cons tructs is then associated with a different type of learning. We further arg ue that wisdom is an important, albeit missing, construct in the knowledge- based theory of the Fm. A key to organizational wisdom is judgement and dec ision making, which requires an understanding of the complexity of a situat ion, but also requires the ability to make sense and simplify so that actio n can be taken. Three important drivers for the development of organization al wisdom are experience, a passion to learn, and spirituality Processes fo r acquiring organizational wisdom such as transformational leadership, orga nizational culture and knowledge transfer are also discussed.