E. Leibovitz et al., Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of one day vs. three day intramuscularceftriaxone for treatment of nonresponsive acute otitis media in children, PEDIAT INF, 19(11), 2000, pp. 1040-1045
Background. One dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone has been recently license
d in the United States for the treatment of acute otitis media, However, da
ta regarding the bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of this regimen in the
treatment of nonresponsive acute otitis media are incomplete,
Objectives. To determine the bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of a 1-day
50-mg/kg vs. a 3-day 50-mg/kg/day intramuscular ceftriaxone regimen in the
treatment of nonresponsive acute otitis media in children,
Patients and methods. In an open, prospective study 109 patients ages 3 to
36 months with culture-proved, nonresponsive acute otitis media were random
ized to receive 1 (n = 49) or 3 (n = 60) 50-mg/kg/day intramuscular ceftria
xone doses, respectively. Middle ear fluid was aspirated for culture by tym
panocentesis on the day of enrollment (Day 1); a second tympanocentesis wit
h middle ear fluid culture was performed on Days 4 to 5, Additional middle
ear fluid cultures were obtained if clinical relapse occurred after complet
ion of therapy. Bacteriologic failure was defined by positive cultures on D
ays 4 to 5, Patients were followed until Day 28 after completion of therapy
. Susceptibility of the middle ear pathogens was measured by E-test,
Results. Organisms recovered (n = 133) were Streptococcus pneumoniae (30 an
d 35 isolates for the 1-day and 3-day treatment group, respectively), Haemo
philus influenzae (26 and 38, respectively) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n =
4), Of the 30 S. pneumoniae isolated from the 1-day group, 27 (90%) and 6 (
20%) were nonsusceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone, respectively; 9 of
27 (33%) were fully resistant to penicillin. Thirty-four (97%) and 6 (17%)
of the 35 S, pneumoniae isolated from the 3-day group were nonsusceptible t
o penicillin and ceftriaxone, respectively; 16 of 34 (47%) were fully resis
tant to penicillin. Bacterial eradication of all H. influenzae and penicill
in-susceptible S, pneumoniae was achieved in both treatment groups. Bacteri
al eradication of 14 of 27 (52%) and 33 of 34 (97%) penicillin-nonsusceptib
le S, pneumoniae was achieved in the 1-day and 3-day group, respectively, S
even (50%) of the 14 patients from the 2 groups who did not achieve bacteri
al eradication did not improve clinically on Days 4 to 5 and required addit
ional ceftriaxone treatment.
Conclusion. The 3-day intramuscular ceftriaxone regimen was significantly s
uperior to the 1-day intramuscular ceftriaxone regimen in the treatment of
nonresponsive acute otitis media caused by penicillin-resistant S, pneumoni
ae,