Ma. Belkin et al., Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy on chiral liquids: A novel technique to probe molecular chirality, PHYS REV L, 85(21), 2000, pp. 4474-4477
Optical activity in sum-frequency vibrational spectra has been observed for
the first time in chiral liquids. The electric-dipole allowed chiral eleme
nt of the nonlinear susceptibility appears to be 3 orders of magnitude smal
ler than typical allowed achiral elements. This is partly because the obser
ved chirality requires a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.