A nucleolar protein related to ribosomal protein L7 is required for an early step in large ribosomal subunit biogenesis

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae R1p7 protein has extensive identity and simila rity to the large ribosomal subunit L7 proteins and shares an RNA-binding d omain with them. R1p7p is not a ribosomal protein; however, it is encoded b y an essential gene and therefore must perform a function essential for cel l growth. In this report, we show that R1p7p is a nucleolar protein that pl ays a critical role in processing of precursors to the large ribosomal subu nit RNAs. Pulse-chase labeling experiments with R1p7p-depleted cells reveal that neither 5.8S(s). 5.8S(L), nor 25S is produced, indicating that both t he major and minor processing pathways are affected. Analysis of processing intermediates by primer extension indicates that R1pT7p-depleted cells acc umulate the 27SA(3) precursor RNA, which is normally the major substrate (8 5%) used to produce the 5.85 and 25S rRNAs, and the ratio of 27SB(L) to 27S B(S) precursors changes from approximately 1:8 to 8:1 (depleted cells). Bec ause 27SA(3) is the direct precursor to 27SB(S), we conclude that R1p7p is specifically required for the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic trimming of the 27SA( 3) into the 27SB(S) precursor. As it is essential for processing in both th e major and minor pathways, we propose that R1p7p may act as a specificity factor that binds precursor rRNAs and tethers the enzymes that carry out th e early 5' to 3' exonucleolytic reactions that generate the mature rRNAs. R 1p7p may also be required for the endonucleolytic cleavage in internal tran scribed spacer 2 that separates the 5.8S rRNA from the 25S rRNA.