Social theories of risk suggest that a combination of scientific and cultur
al perspectives converge to influence risk perception. This article first s
urveys sociological perspectives suggesting that risks from modern technolo
gical development have become predominant concerns in the social consciousn
ess. Particular attention is given to those theses describing how social el
ements work to create perception of risks in relation to new technologies.
The themes that emerge from this survey are then related to comtemporary de
bates concerning biotechnology. Specific attention is given to recent contr
oversies regarding genetically modified crops, and parallels are drawn betw
een debates over nuclear power and biotechnology. A procedural ethic for pu
blic discourse and decision making over the diffusion of genetically modifi
ed foods is offered. Ethical and social theories are linked with the hope t
hat by recognizing the social dimensions of debates over new technologies a
broader framework for conducting risk analysis may emerge.