The environmental regulation of industry in Lahore, Pakistan

Lahore is a fast-growing city at an early stage of industrialisation, in wh ich polluting industries intermingle with houses. The imperfect regulation of urban expansion results from a mixture of deficiencies. The land-use pla nning regime suffers from overlap and competition between agencies, the pol lution-control regime from inadequate legislation and resources, while both suffer from the lack of cooperation from other agencies. These obstacles a re compounded by developers' sense of immunity from the enforcement of cont rols and industrialists' poor understanding of pollution abatement. The cir cumstances indicate roles for both systematic and facilitative approaches t o regulation and enforcement.