Tissue engineering via local gene delivery: Update and future prospects for enhancing the technology

This review describes the status of a local plasmid-based gene transfer tec hnology known as the gene activated matrix (GAM). Studies over the past 6 y ears suggest that GAM may serve as a platform technology for local gene del ivery in the wound bed of various tissues and organs. These studies demonst rated that plasmid encoding genes can be delivered to acutely injured tendo n, ligament, bone, muscle, skin and nerve. Moreover, direct in vivo transfe r of therapeutic plasmid encoding genes in bone, skin and nerve was associa ted with a significant regenerative response relative to sham controls. The review also describes new technology that should enhance the potential of local gene delivery in a manner consistent with the risk-benefit profile as sociated with tissue engineering applications. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevi er Science B.V.