Dm. Bass, INTERFERON-GAMMA AND INTERLEUKIN-1, BUT NOT INTERFERON-ALFA, INHIBIT ROTAVIRUS ENTRY INTO HUMAN INTESTINAL-CELL LINES, Gastroenterology, 113(1), 1997, pp. 81-89
Background & Aims: Rotavirus, an important agent of gastroenteritis in
children, causes diarrhea by infecting differentiated villus enterocy
tes in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to determine whe
ther cytokines that can be expressed by mucosal cells have an effect o
n the rotavirus susceptibility of cultured human enterocytes. Methods:
Caco-2 and HT-29 cells were pretreated with various cytokines before
challenge with rotavirus. Results: Interleukin (IL)-1, interferon (IFN
)-alpha, and IFN-gamma pretreatment led to a dose-dependent resistance
to rotavirus infection. Maximum effects occurred after 72 hours of pr
etreatment, whereas no detectable inhibition occurred with <12 hours o
f pretreatment. Liposomal transfection of single-shelled and double-sh
elled rotavirus particles bypassed the block to rotavirus replication
in IFN-gamma- and IL-1-treated but not IFN-alpha-treated cells, Bindin
g studies with purified, metabolically labeled rotavirus showed no sig
nificant difference among IFN-gamma- and IFN-alpha-treated and control
Caco-2 cells. Viral entry into Caco-2 cells was significantly inhibit
ed by IFN-gamma and IL-1 but not IFN-alpha. Conclusions: IFN-alpha and
IFN-gamma induce rotavirus resistance by different mechanisms, sugges
ting that cytokines play a role in host defense against viral agents b
y changing the phenotype of intestinal epithelial cells.