Exploring the social drain in schizophrenia: Left prefrontal underactivation during mental state attribution

Objective: Evidence suggests that patients with schizophrenia have a defici t in "theory of mind," i.e., interpretation of the mental state of others. The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia have a dysfunction in brai n regions responsible for mental state attribution. Method: Mean brain activation in five male patients with schizophrenia was compared to that in seven comparison subjects during performance of a task involving attribution of mental state. Results: During performance of the mental state attribution task, the patie nts made more errors and showed less blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusions: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first functional MRI st udy to show a deficit in the left prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia during a socioemotional task.